We also have a blog about National Cholesterol Month from Abi Barrowcliff, Advanced Clinical Pharmacist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

Abi BarrowcliffHello, I’m Abi, one of the Advanced Clinical Pharmacists at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT).

My speciality is in lipid optimisation and I am part of a team of healthcare professionals supporting people to lower their cholesterol. Our team includes cardiologists, a consultant pharmacist, pharmacists and nurses. We also have strong links with the lipidologists and their lipid team, and work closely with colleagues in primary care.

The purpose of our clinic is to use innovative approaches and treatment options to improve outcomes for people who have high cholesterol, especially those who have struggled with standard lipid lowering therapies. We also believe in research and innovation to publicise our methods to inspire other teams around the country and internationally.

Why?

High cholesterol, along with high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, being overweight, and not being active, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering your LDL (bad cholesterol) by 1 mmol/L can reduce the risk of serious heart problems by 21%, the risk of having a non-fatal heart attack by 26%, and the risk of dying from heart disease by 19%.

What can we do?

In patients who already have a diagnosis of CVD, we, as healthcare providers, should have already advised them on the importance of taking medication to lower cholesterol. The most common of these are statins but there are other medications available too including ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, inclisiran and PCSK9 inhibitors. Of these, only PCSK9 inhibitors are not available in primary care. Historically we have employed a ‘fire and forget’ approach, but we now know how vital it is to re-check lipid levels and treat to target. There is more information on targets and treatments on the National Lipid Pathway and the new NICE Guidelines 238. The European Society for Cardiology Dyslipidaemia guidelines go into the evidence base in more detail.

In those people without CVD, QRISK can be used to assess for risk factors and a discussion can then be had with them around whether they may benefit from treatment.

Be aware of the warning signs of familial hypercholesterolaemia, a condition where total cholesterol is above 7.5 mmol/L or LDL cholesterol is above 4.9 mmol/L, and there is a family history of early heart disease. This condition is common but often not diagnosed, affecting 1 in 250 people. If the patient meets the Simon Broome criteria, start treatment right away and refer them to their local lipid clinic for possible genetic testing. There is more information on the Heart UK website and the National Lipid Pathway.

Everyone should be strongly encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes eating a heart-healthy diet, not smoking, limiting alcohol and exercising regularly. This is important not just for lowering cholesterol but also for overall health and well-being. Make Every Contact Count!

How can we contact secondary care for advice?

Not all patients respond to, or tolerate, standard lipid lowering therapies and it can be a struggle to help them meet cholesterol targets. For these patients, you can refer to the Cardiology Innovative Medicines Lipid Clinic at LTHT. Please address any requests for advice and guidance to us but send through the usual cardiology advice and guidance route.

I really care about the work I do, and I believe in the difference it can make to the outcomes of patients. During National Cholesterol Month we should normalise talking openly about the importance of a healthy cholesterol level and how we can support patients. Small changes can make a big difference. To read more, have a look at the Heart UK National Cholesterol Month page.

Thanks for reading,

Abi